Cycles of Change

The search for a unified theory of everything stands as the grand quest of modern physics. For over a century, two grand theories have described the world of matter with remarkable clear accuracy. Albert Einstein taught that gravity arises from the curvature of space and time around dense stars. [...]

In classical thought, empty space was viewed as a silent void where matter and energy were absent. Philosophers and early scientists imagined a vacuum as an inert stage upon which material bodies moved. Yet modern quantum field theory reveals that empty space is a turbulent sea of activity. Even [...]

Efficiency in human-powered transport depends on moving energy from the legs to the ground through a mechanical interface. Early bicycles used a direct-drive system where the pedals were attached to the front axle. This creation resulted in a massive problem for the rider because travel speed was [...]