Cycles of Change

Engineering practical systems and exploring the physical world.

A worker in a brightly lit factory in Hsinchu, Taiwan, lowers a silicon wafer into a chemical bath. The silicon undergoes a series of precise acid washes and laser etchings to carve billions of microscopic pathways into the metal. The factory consumes enough electricity each day to power a small [...]
A sapling grows in a drought-stricken valley. The lack of surface water forces the tree to build dense, stunted wood and abandon vertical height. The root system spreads exceptionally wide and remains extremely shallow, desperately hunting for any trace of surface moisture. The cellular [...]
A population endures a severe food shortage. Caloric intake drops from a sustaining baseline down to 500 calories a day. The human body reacts to this deficit by consuming its own fat reserves and breaking down muscle tissue to keep the brain and vital organs functioning. For a pregnant woman [...]
A rock climber on a granite wall in Yosemite Valley falls when her fingers slip off a hold 40 meters above the ground. The rope catches her. She hangs in the harness, spinning slowly, staring at the section of wall she just failed to climb. The choice at that moment is straightforward. She can [...]
Every year, the global industrial economy rips roughly 100 billion tons of physical material out of the earth. Imagine a line of standard dump trucks bumper to bumper, each one carrying its full load of rock and dirt. That line would stretch from the earth to the sun and back, twice, every single [...]
A touring cyclist carries everything on two wheels. Shelter, tools, food, and clothing all ride on one frame, exposed to the open air whenever the rider stops moving. Shopping inside a traditional retail store forces the rider to walk away from that bicycle and leave it locked to a post on a public [...]